Chapters
The 80s was a great decade for music and, by extension, musical theatre. Hit shows from that decade, like Cats, Miss Saigon and La Cage aux Folles easily spring to mind; others reflect the shifting cultural sensibilities of the times: Dreamgirls and Sarafina! enjoy frequent revivals and have even been made into films. Where does Chess fit in? Curiously enough, it has Miss Saigon overtones and a crucial tie to Cats. Chess even enjoys a tenuous connection with Cage, believe it or not. As for any link to Dreamgirls and Sarafina!? Let Superprof show you how to pull together the various strings of 80s musicals to come up with a complete picture of the times.
The Plot of Chess, the Musical
What do the Cold War, forbidden love and chess have in common? A musical!
It's the height of the Cold War, yet the International Chess Federation continues to welcome the Soviets. Do they not realise that inviting them to play only legitimises their regime? Still, the World Chess Championship games must go on; this year, it will be held in Italy - a neutral territory for both the menacing Soviets and the arrogant/aggressive Americans. Soon, the players take the stage. They mask their private motivations behind a series of shenanigans and an apparently real enmity. 
Impressions of Chess
Chess is undeniably 80s, from the score to the interwoven stories. Still, it retains a timeless flavour because, fundamentally, it is about romance, betrayal and the agony of youth. Although Freddie is a leading character, we learn little about him. Only the gut-wrenching song Freddie sings after Florence leaves him, Pity the Child, gives a hint that his upbringing was less than stellar - indeed, that his parents' coldness towards him is what made him such an angry, aggressive person. However, unlike in the series The Queen's Gambit, neither Freddie's childhood trauma nor Soviet chess prowess drives the plot. What drives it, then? 
How Did Chess Come About?
Tim Rice, still basking in Evita's success wanted to put a show about the Cold War together. Unfortunately, he and his long-time collaborator, Andrew Lloyd Webber couldn't come up with anything that smelled like a hit so the project was shelved. That doesn't mean Sir Rice gave up on the idea; he just needed to find an angle to build the story around. He found it in The Match of the Century, the 1972 Fischer/Spassky match, but it wasn't anything chess-related that grabbed him. It was the politics behind the match. Now ready to get to work on this new, big idea, he found his writing partner neck-deep in Cats. So he turned to ABBA's creative talent, Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Anderssen. As they had been looking for a property to work on, they gladly accepted the offer. Thus began their transatlantic partnership. They met once, in 1981, to discuss the concept and where the story could go. From there, Ulvaeus/Anderssen would lay down tracks for which Sir Rice would write lyrics. After roughly 18 months of this back and forth, the team had songs for:
- Freddie: Pity the Child, One Night in Bangkok (with ensemble)
- Florence: Heaven Help my Heart, Nobody's Side
- Anatoly: Anthem
- Duets:
- Florence and Freddie: The American and Florence, Florence Quits
- Florence and Svetlana: I Know Him So Well
- Florence and Anatoly: Mountain Duet, Argument
Besides these, the show includes many songs sung by more than two characters, such as Endgame, sung by Florence, Anatoly, Freddie and Svetlana. The entire ensemble joins in as well. If these song titles sound familiar, it's probably because you've heard them on the radio. The production team decided to release a concept album to raise funds for the production (and to preview the show). One Night in Bangkok became a #1 hit for Murray Head, who plays Freddie in the original cast while I Know Him So Well became almost a signature song for Elaine Paige (Florence). 
Footnotes from Chess, the Musical
With such talent driving the show and such a promotion, it could hardly have failed. Chess opened in 1986 at London's West End theatre, earning high praise and nods at the Lawrence Olivier Awards ceremony for Best New Musical and Best Performance by (male and female) Lead in a Musical. It would continue its run for the next three years. Capitalising on its West End success, the show went international: to the US, Norway, Sweden, Japan, Russia, Australia... Whenever a topic the show addresses manifests in real life, invariably, a performance troupe will at least put on a concert, if not revive the show altogether. Some describe Chess as a mess; there are too many plot points and too many disparate elements to make the show cohesive. They may be referring to the Broadway edition of Chess, a production that changed so much of the original story that subtle plot points suddenly made no sense. And, Broadway refused to engage Elaine Paige! It's likely because they were contractually bound to hire local talent but, still: Dame Paige IS Florence. Her take on that role and her powerful vocals bring it to life unlike any other actress can, including Tony Award winner Idina Menzel. That's not just us saying it; take a look at the commentary on YouTube, where some thoughtful soul uploaded the entire original West End production. Even the archaic sound system cannot mute those glorious voices. And the songs! From the hipster-pop of One Night in Bangkok to the sorrowful I Know Him So Well - a song that's been covered by everyone from Whitney Houston to Barbra Streisand... and who could forget when Susan Boyle finally achieved her dream of singing with Elaine Paige? And what song did they sing together? Note that, if you hear a whisper of ABBA running through the notes - and you caught our nod to them earlier in the text, that was all by design. Indeed, Chess' song, Anthem, uses the same guitar chord structures as ABBA's Our Last Summer. It has the same wistful tone, too. And Anatoly singing about building a border around his heart? Look no further than the lyrics to The Winner Takes it All. Now that you're in the know, isn't it strange to hear people say that Mamma Mia was ABBA's first musical? Now, enter the curious world of paintings with chess as their theme.
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